CFD-DEM Simulation of the Transport of Manganese Nodules in a Vertical Pipe

The present study aims to describe the characteristics of hydraulic transport manganese nodules in a vertical pipe. solid–liquid two-phase flows were simulated using numerical technique that combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and discrete element (DEM). Manganese with diameters 5.0 mm, 15.0 30.0 mm selected. effects initial solid volume fraction mixture velocity investigated. results show increasing fraction, liquid velocities decrease but total pressure drop over pipe increases. Small particles are responsible for high particle collision frequency, which causes decreases both drop. Energy loss is aggravated by velocity, manifesting increase retention ratio varies inversely velocity. A formula proposed due presence collisions.